水路トンネル断面作図
2021.02.08投稿
概要
Python matplotlib による、水路トンネル断面作図プログラムを作りました。
スケールを比較するため、各種トンネルを並べて表示してあります。
並べ方は迷いましたが、結局 subplot で並べることにしました。
寸法用の矢印は barrow（両矢印）と sarrow （片矢印）で表示しています。
sarrow は、barrow の <-> を -> に変えたものです。
両矢印では意識する必要はありませんが、片矢印では (x1, y1) が矢印の先端座標となることに注意。
コンクリート部は、以下に示すように、コンクリート外縁の内側をハッチングで塗りつぶした後、通水領域を白で塗りつぶし、コンクリートの外縁と内園に線を入れる処理で描いています。
plt.fill(xxo,yyo,color="#000000",fill=None,hatch='..') plt.fill(xxi,yyi,color="#ffffff") plt.plot(xxo,yyo,'-',color="#000000",lw=1) plt.plot(xxi,yyi,'-',color="#000000",lw=1)
作例
プログラムでは２つの画像を作成するようになっていますが、作例として一方の例を示します。
プログラム全文
# Typical cross section of power waterway import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.ticker as tick def barrow(x1,y1,x2,y2): col='#333333' arst='<->,head_width=3,head_length=10' aprop=dict(arrowstyle=arst,connectionstyle='arc3',facecolor=col,edgecolor=col,shrinkA=0,shrinkB=0,lw=1) plt.annotate('', xy=(x1,y1), xycoords='data', xytext=(x2,y2), textcoords='data', fontsize=0, arrowprops=aprop) def sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2): col='#333333' arst='->,head_width=3,head_length=10' aprop=dict(arrowstyle=arst,connectionstyle='arc3',facecolor=col,edgecolor=col,shrinkA=0,shrinkB=0,lw=1) plt.annotate('', xy=(x1,y1), xycoords='data', xytext=(x2,y2), textcoords='data', fontsize=0, arrowprops=aprop) def annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz): # additional lines for horizontal dimensions x1=-bb/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=-dd/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1= dd/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1= bb/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) # additional lines for vertical dimensions x1=0; x2=-bb/2-ds; y1= hh/2; y2=y1; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=0; x2=-bb/2-ds; y1= dd/2; y2=y1; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=0; x2=-bb/2-ds; y1=-dd/2; y2=y1; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=0; x2=-bb/2-ds; y1=-hh/2; y2=y1; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) # arrow lines for horizontal dimensions x1=-bb/2; x2=x1-ds; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1=-dd/2; x2=dd/2; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; barrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1= bb/2; x2=x1+ds; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) # arrow lines for vertical dimensions x1=-bb/2-ds+dds; x2=x1; y1= hh/2; y2=y1+ds; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1=-bb/2-ds+dds; x2=x1; y1= dd/2; y2=-dd/2; barrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1=-bb/2-ds+dds; x2=x1; y1=-hh/2; y2=y1-ds; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) # text fordimensions s1='{0:.0f}'.format(dd*1000) s2='{0:.0f}'.format((bb-dd)/2*1000) # horizontal dimensions xs=-(bb/2+dd/2)/2; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) xs=0; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s1,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) xs= (bb/2+dd/2)/2; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) # vertical dimensions xs=-bb/2-ds+dds; ys=(hh/2+dd/2)/2 plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='right',va='center',fontsize=fsz,rotation=90) xs=-bb/2-ds+dds; ys=0 plt.text(xs,ys,s1,color='#000000',ha='right',va='center',fontsize=fsz,rotation=90) xs=-bb/2-ds+dds; ys=-(bb/2+dd/2)/2 plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='right',va='center',fontsize=fsz,rotation=90) # angle x1=-bb/2-0.5; y1=0; x2=bb/2+0.5; y2=y1 plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-.',color='#555555',lw=1) x1=0; y1=-hh/2-0.5; x2=x1; y2=hh/2+0.5 plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-.',color='#555555',lw=1) theta=np.radians(25) x1=bb/2*np.cos(theta); y1=-bb/2*np.sin(theta) plt.plot([-x1,0,x1],[y1,0,y1],'--',color='#555555',lw=1) xs=1; ys=-0.5 plt.text(xs,ys,'25$^\circ$',ha='center',va='center',fontsize=fsz) def annot2(dd,bb,ds,dds,fsz): hh=bb x1=-bb/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=-dd/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1= dd/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1= bb/2; x2=x1; y1=0; y2=hh/2+ds; plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-',color='#000000',lw=1) x1=-bb/2; x2=x1-ds; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1=-dd/2; x2=dd/2; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; barrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) x1= bb/2; x2=x1+ds; y1=hh/2+ds-dds; y2=y1; sarrow(x1,y1,x2,y2) s1='{0:.0f}'.format(dd*1000) s2='{0:.0f}'.format((bb-dd)/2*1000) xs=-(bb/2+dd/2)/2; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) xs=0; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s1,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) xs= (bb/2+dd/2)/2; ys=hh/2+ds-dds plt.text(xs,ys,s2,color='#000000',ha='center',va='bottom',fontsize=fsz) x1=-bb/2-0.5; y1=0; x2=bb/2+0.5; y2=y1 plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-.',color='#555555',lw=1) x1=0; y1=-hh/2-0.5; x2=x1; y2=hh/2+0.5 plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'-.',color='#555555',lw=1) def sec1(dd,bb,hh): # dd: internal diameter # bb: width of structure including concrete lining thickness # hh: height of structure including concrete lining thickness theta=np.radians(25) hd=hh-bb/2*(1+np.sin(theta)) ww=bb-2*hd*np.tan(theta) # outer line ang1=-theta ang2=np.pi+theta angl=np.linspace(ang1,ang2,num=230,endpoint=True) _xxo=bb/2*np.cos(angl) _yyo=bb/2*np.sin(angl) xxo=np.append(_xxo,[-ww/2,ww/2]) yyo=np.append(_yyo,[-(hh-bb/2),-(hh-bb/2)]) # inner line angl=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,num=360,endpoint=True) xxi=dd/2*np.cos(angl) yyi=dd/2*np.sin(angl) # drawing plt.fill(xxo,yyo,color="#000000",fill=None,hatch='..') plt.fill(xxi,yyi,color="#ffffff") plt.plot(xxo,yyo,'-',color="#000000",lw=1) plt.plot(xxi,yyi,'-',color="#000000",lw=1) def circ(dd,bb): angl=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,num=360,endpoint=True) xxo=bb/2*np.cos(angl) yyo=bb/2*np.sin(angl) xxi=dd/2*np.cos(angl) yyi=dd/2*np.sin(angl) plt.fill(xxo,yyo,color="#000000",fill=None,hatch='..') plt.fill(xxi,yyi,color="#ffffff") plt.plot(xxo,yyo,'-',color="#000000",lw=1) plt.plot(xxi,yyi,'-',color="#000000",lw=1) def waterway_B(fsz,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax): ds=1.0; dds=0.2 plt.figure(figsize=(12,12),facecolor='w') plt.rcParams['font.size']=fsz plt.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.1, hspace=0.1) plt.subplot(331) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') plt.subplot(332) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=7.7; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Headrace',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(333) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') plt.subplot(334) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=4.4; bb=dd+2*0.6 circ(dd,bb) annot2(dd,bb,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (vertical shaft)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(335) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=4.4; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (horizontal)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(336) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=3.1; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (4 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(337) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=3.9; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Tailrace (4 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(338) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=5.5; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Tailrace (2 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(339) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') #plt.tight_layout() fnameF='fig_waterway_B.jpg' plt.savefig(fnameF, dpi=100, bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0.1) plt.show() def waterway_J(fsz,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax): ds=1.0; dds=0.2 plt.figure(figsize=(12,12),facecolor='w') plt.rcParams['font.size']=fsz plt.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.1, hspace=0.1) plt.subplot(331) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') plt.subplot(332) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=8.2; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Headrace',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(333) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') plt.subplot(334) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=4.7; bb=dd+2*0.6 circ(dd,bb) annot2(dd,bb,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (vertical shaft)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(335) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=4.7; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (horizontal)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(336) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=3.3; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Penstock (4 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(337) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=4.1; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Tailrace (4 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(338) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=5.8; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Tailrace (2 lanes)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) plt.subplot(339) plt.axis('off') plt.xlim([xmin,xmax]) plt.ylim([ymin,ymax]) plt.gca().set_aspect('equal',adjustable='box') dd=8.2; bb=dd+2*0.6; hh=dd+2*0.6 sec1(dd,bb,hh) annot1(dd,bb,hh,ds,dds,fsz) plt.text(0,-bb/2-ds,'Tailrace (1 lane)',ha='center',va='top',fontsize=fsz+2) #plt.tight_layout() fnameF='fig_waterway_J.jpg' plt.savefig(fnameF, dpi=100, bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0.1) plt.show() def main(): fsz=12 xmin=-6; xmax=6 ymin=-6; ymax=6 waterway_B(fsz,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax) waterway_J(fsz,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax) #--------------- # Execute #--------------- if __name__ == '__main__': main()
以 上
